Saudi Arabia's climate is predominantly characterized by a desert-like plateau, leading to stable weather conditions across much of the country. Summers are typically hot and dry, while winters are milder, with nighttime temperatures dropping significantly and occasional rainfall. Coastal regions experience more humidity compared to the arid interior.   In Riyadh, the capital, summer temperatures can reach extremes of up to 47°C, and winters can be quite variable, with warm days giving way to cold nights. Coastal cities like Jeddah maintain a warm and humid climate year-round, while northern mountainous areas experience colder winters, occasionally seeing snowfall.     The diverse topography of Saudi Arabia results in significant regional climate variations. The Hejaz and Sarawat mountains help moderate temperatures during summer and receive substantial rainfall throughout the year, particularly in areas like Abha City in Aseer Province, which records the highest summer rainfall among Saudi cities.     The summer months are characterized by extreme heat, with average temperatures around 40°C and peaks reaching up to 50°C. Most of the country's rainfall occurs between November and April, with the central plateau, including Riyadh, averaging about 111 mm of annual rainfall, while drier areas like Medina receive only around 41 mm.   The climate in Saudi Arabia is shaped by its geographical location, with the Red Sea and Arabian Gulf influencing humidity levels in coastal regions. In contrast, highlands limit maritime effects from reaching the interior, leading to drier conditions in areas like Najran, where the climate remains arid.   Despite the harsh summer heat, residents engage in indoor activities at shopping malls or cooler highland areas. Winter, typically mild, is an excellent time for outdoor adventures like desert activities, making it an appealing season for exploring the country's rich natural landscape and cultural heritage.